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Voltage Drop Calculator

Calculate voltage drop for branch circuits and feeders. Includes reverse solve to find the minimum wire size for your target drop percentage.

Based on NEC 2023 Chapter 9 Table 8, 210.19(A) Informational Note

Professional Verification Required

This calculator provides estimates for reference purposes only. Results must be verified by a licensed electrician or electrical engineer before any installation.

  • Local codes and AHJ requirements may differ from NEC standards
  • Site conditions, temperature, and installation methods affect sizing
  • Always verify ampacity, derating factors, and conductor sizing in the field

NEC Reference: NEC 2023 Chapter 9 Table 8, 210.19(A)

Voltage Drop Calculator

Click a preset to auto-fill, or enter custom values below

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Voltage Drop Reference (NEC 210.19)

Voltage drop is the reduction in voltage as current flows through a conductor. Excessive drop causes equipment malfunction and wasted energy.

≤3%
Branch Circuits
≤3%
Feeders
≤5%
Total System

Voltage Drop Formula

Single Phase:VD = (2×K×L×I) ÷ CM
Three Phase:VD = (1.732×K×L×I) ÷ CM
K: ResistivityL: Length (ft)I: Current (A)CM: Circular mils
Copper K-Factor

12.9

Aluminum K-Factor

21.2

⚠️ IMPORTANT LEGAL DISCLAIMER

For Reference Only: This calculator is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional engineering design, advice, or certification.

Code Compliance: Calculations are based on the 2023 National Electrical Code (NEC®). However, local codes, amendments, and Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) requirements vary by location and may supersede standard NEC requirements.

No Liability: SparkShift and its affiliates assume no liability for errors, omissions, or the use/misuse of this tool. Users are solely responsible for verifying all results against applicable codes and standards before installation. Always consult a licensed electrician or engineer.